Which physical exam finding is commonly associated with fluid overload?

Jugular venous distension is a physical exam finding commonly associated with fluid overload. This occurs when there is an increased volume of blood or fluid in the circulatory system, which results in the veins in the neck becoming engorged. The distended jugular veins indicate that the heart may be struggling to manage the excess fluid, often due to conditions like heart failure, fluid retention, or other cardiovascular issues.

In patients with fluid overload, increased central venous pressure is frequently observed, which contributes to this distension. Clinically, it serves as an important sign for healthcare providers, signaling that the body is retaining more fluid than it should, potentially leading to complications such as pulmonary congestion or edema.

In contrast, dry mucous membranes typically indicate dehydration rather than fluid overload. A hypotonic bladder does not have a direct correlation with fluid overload and usually relates to neurological or structural issues affecting bladder function. Likewise, hyperactive bowel sounds can occur for various reasons, including gastrointestinal disturbances or irritations, and are not specifically indicative of fluid overload.