What is the main consequence of hypercalcemia?

The main consequence of hypercalcemia being kidney stones is well founded in the pathophysiological processes associated with elevated calcium levels in the blood. When there is an excess of calcium, it can lead to the formation of calcium-based stones within the renal system. The high concentration of calcium contributes to the precipitation of calcium salts, which crystallize in the urinary tract, ultimately forming stones.

Furthermore, hypercalcemia can affect renal function as well, leading to various complications, including increased urine output (polyuria) and dehydration, both of which can exacerbate the risk of stone formation. As the kidneys work to excrete the excess calcium, the likelihood of crystallization increases, solidifying the relationship between hypercalcemia and the incidence of kidney stones.

While other serious consequences of hypercalcemia can occur, including effects on muscle function, bone health, and nerve conduction, the direct and common association with kidney stones reflects a significant and measurable outcome of high serum calcium levels. It's important to monitor and manage hypercalcemia not only to prevent kidney stones but also to address the broader implications for overall health.