What is a potential complication of untreated hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia, which is characterized by an elevated level of potassium in the blood, can lead to serious complications, with cardiac arrest being one of the most critical. Potassium plays a vital role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart. When potassium levels are excessively high, it disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways, leading to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. Over time, this can progress to ventricular fibrillation or asystole, both of which can result in cardiac arrest if not promptly treated.

In contrast, while renal failure could lead to hyperkalemia due to decreased potassium excretion, it is not a direct complication of untreated hyperkalemia itself. Respiratory distress is generally associated with other conditions and is not a primary complication of elevated potassium levels. Hypoglycemia, referring to low blood sugar levels, does not have a direct relationship with hyperkalemia and thus is not relevant in this context.

Overall, understanding the impact of hyperkalemia on cardiac function is essential in recognizing why cardiac arrest is a significant concern in cases of untreated hyperkalemia.