What is a likely result of excessive water intake without electrolyte replacement?

Excessive water intake without electrolyte replacement can lead to hyponatremia, which is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. When a person consumes a large amount of water, the total body water increases significantly, potentially diluting the sodium concentration in the bloodstream. This dilution occurs because sodium is found in the extracellular fluid, and as water volume increases, the proportion of sodium to water decreases.

In this scenario, the kidneys may not be able to excrete the excess water quickly enough to maintain a balanced sodium level, leading to a state where the sodium levels drop below the normal range. Symptoms of hyponatremia can include headache, confusion, seizures, and in severe cases, coma. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for recognizing how hydration practices must often include the intake of electrolytes to maintain homeostasis and prevent imbalances.