What is a common effect of the loop diuretic furosemide on potassium levels?

Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is well-known for its impact on electrolyte balance, particularly potassium levels. The mechanism of action for furosemide involves the inhibition of sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys. This action leads to increased excretion of water, sodium, and chloride, but also results in the increased excretion of potassium.

As potassium is lost through the urine, this can lead to a deficiency of potassium in the body, commonly referred to as hypokalemia. Symptoms of hypokalemia can include muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and disturbances in heart rhythms, underscoring the importance of monitoring potassium levels in patients on loop diuretics.

In contrast, hyperkalemia, which refers to elevated potassium levels, would not be a common effect of furosemide; it is more typically associated with conditions or medications that cause potassium retention. Similarly, claiming that furosemide has no effect on potassium or that it stabilizes potassium levels directly contradicts established physiological responses to the diuretic. Thus, the recognition of hypokalemia as a common effect aligns with the known properties of furosemide.