What effect does acidosis have on potassium levels?

Acidosis has a significant impact on potassium levels, specifically causing hyperkalemia. When acidosis occurs, the hydrogen ions (H+) in the extracellular fluid increase, leading to a shift in potassium ions (K+) from the intracellular space to the extracellular fluid to maintain electrical neutrality. This exchange results in an elevation of serum potassium levels.

In an acidotic state, cells tend to exchange K+ for H+ to help mitigate the excess acidity in the blood. As the H+ concentration rises, cellular buffers attempt to counteract this by moving K+ out of the cells and into the serum. Consequently, this process results in elevated potassium levels in the bloodstream, known as hyperkalemia.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for managing patients with acidosis, as hyperkalemia can lead to significant cardiac complications if not monitored and treated appropriately.