What does hypokalemia primarily affect in the body?

Hypokalemia primarily affects cardiovascular function due to the crucial role that potassium plays in maintaining normal heart rhythm and muscle function. Potassium is a key electrolyte necessary for the proper electrical activity of the heart. Low levels of potassium can lead to issues such as arrhythmias, which are irregular heartbeats that may manifest as palpitations or more severe complications like ventricular fibrillation, potentially leading to cardiac arrest.

While hypokalemia can also influence muscle strength and nerve impulses—since potassium is vital for muscle contraction and nerve signal transmission—the most significant and immediate concerns are generally related to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, monitoring potassium levels is essential in preventing potentially life-threatening cardiac complications. Fluid balance is important as well, but it is not primarily the direct impact of hypokalemia itself.