What are the normal serum levels for sodium?

The normal serum levels for sodium typically range from 135 to 145 mEq/L. This range is considered optimal for maintaining various physiological processes, including fluid balance, nerve conduction, and muscle function. Sodium is a key electrolyte in the body, and its levels are tightly regulated by mechanisms involving the kidneys, hormones, and other factors.

If sodium levels drop below this range, it may lead to hyponatremia, which can cause symptoms such as confusion, muscle weakness, and seizures due to cellular swelling from osmotic imbalances. Conversely, levels above this range can indicate hypernatremia, which may lead to dehydration of cells and symptoms like thirst, restlessness, and potentially more severe neurological deficits. Maintaining sodium within the 135 to 145 mEq/L range is crucial for overall health and homeostasis.