What are the clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia, which refers to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations as it affects multiple body systems. The presence of nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, and increased thirst aligns well with the known symptoms of hypercalcemia.

Nausea and vomiting occur due to the direct effects of high calcium levels on the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Constipation is a common manifestation because calcium tends to slow down gastrointestinal motility. Confusion can result from the effects of hypercalcemia on the neurological system, potentially due to dehydration or changes in mental status linked to electrolyte imbalances. Increased thirst often accompanies hypercalcemia as a response to the body’s attempts to manage elevated calcium levels, leading to increased urinary output.

The combination of these symptoms provides a clear picture of how hypercalcemia can manifest in patients. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for prompt identification and management of the condition.